Wednesday, 25 November 2015

99 TAMIL FLOWERS – KURUNJIPAATU

Can be either Malabar Glory lily or Indian Coral tree or Scarlet Bahunia.
n. 1. [K. ābal, M. Tu. ām- bal.] White water Lily அல்லி. (பிங்.)
n. prob. a-nitya. Flower supposed to be so delicate as to droop or even perish when smelt; மோந்தால் வாடும் பூ வகை. மோப்பக் குழையு மனிச்சம் (குறள், 90). Imaginary flower or flower which is extinct. NO satisfactory identification yet. One of the probable identification,
Fragrant water lily  செங்கழுநீர்.
Square-branched conehead, Strobilanthes kunthianus.
Scarlet ixora, m. sh., Ixora coccinea;
See செங்கொடிவேலி.  Rosy-flowered leadwort, m. cl., Plumbago rosea; ரோஜாநிறப் பூவுள்ள கொடிவகை.
8.தேமா tē-mā (தேமாம்பூ)
,[M. tēṇ- māvu.] Sweet mango, 1. tr., Mangifera indica; மாமரவகை.
Maṇiccikai is identified as kuṉṟi by TL but since kuṉṟi also figures in the list later this identification doesn’t seem appropriate. Sami has identified as Ipomea Sepiaria. Tamil Lexicon identifies this flower as mañcikai. In Sanskrit this flower is known as manjika.
பெருமூங்கில் –  Large bamboo, 1. tr., Bambusa arundinaca; மூங்கில் மரவகை.
kuvil. [M. kūvaḷam.] 1. Bael. வில்வம்.  Aegle marmelos;
A hill tree with red flowers; செந்நிறப்பூவுடைய குறிஞ்சிநிலத்து மரவகை.
Paper flower climber.
Porcupine flower-Barleria prionitis L.
There is very high possiblity that cuḷḷi is just small twigs- instead of a flower.
(flower of) A  mountain tree; மலைமரவகை. (குறிஞ்சிப். 66.)
மாவிலிங்கம் – sacred garlic pear
Vanam is identified as either tuḷaci, Ocimum sanctum or kuḻimiṭṭāṉ, Ocimum sanctum hirsutum. Ocimum sanctum hirsutum, variety of Ocimum sanctum, might be proper identification since tuḷaci figures in the list(tulay). Sami interprets vadavanam as northern tuḷaci and identifies it as ram tuḷaci – ocimum gratissimum.
[K. Tu. bāge, M. vāga.] Sirissa/women’s tounge; Albizzia lebbeck; மரவகை.
குடசப்பாலை-Conessi bark, s. tr., Holarrhena anti- dysenterica;
Eruvai has been identified as kōrai by Naccinarkiniyar.Sami identifies eruvai in line with some old commentary to be bulrush variety, Typha angustata.
வெள்ளைக்காக்கணம் – White-flowered mussell-shell creeper, s. cl., Clitoria ternatea-albiflora;
காக்கட்டான் kākkaṭṭtāṉn –  Mussell-shell creeper, s. cl., Clitoria ternatea typica;
(flower of) n. [Tu. pāini.] A kind of tree peculiar to hilly tracts;
பின்னியாக்கம்- Indian gum anime,Vateria indica.
ஏர்க்குளி ērkkuḷli – white hard wood, Euonymus dichotomus.
குரா kurā – n. cf. kurava. Bottle-flower, s. tr., Webera corymbosa; குராமரம்.
பச்சிலை -Mysore gamboge, l. tr., Garcinia xanthochymus;
மகிழ்³ – n. < makula. Pointed-leaved ape-flower, l. tr., Mimusaps elangi;
n. 1. Ironwood tree, s. tr., Memecylon edule; காசாமரம்.
n. Tanner’s senna, 1. sh., Cassia auriculata;
Vēral is identified as Ciṟu-mūṅkil by Naccinarkiniyar , lexicon identifies ciṟumūṅkil as Dendrocalamus strictus. Sami has identified it as arundinaria wightiana. Sami bases his identification from Naṟṟiṇai 232 poem description of this plant near sholas forming live fences for small mountain village. The vernacular name of this plant is Chewari and it is common on the Nilgris where it covers the upper slopes of the hills above 1800 m, chiefly as an under wood in the evergreen sholas.
சூரை – Oblique-leaved jujube, Zizyphus oenoplia;
A common wayside weed, Aerua lanata; நடைவழியில் முளைக்கும் ஒருவகைப்பூடு.
குன்று-. [M. kunni.] 1. Crab’s eye, m. cl., Abrus precatorius; குன் றிச்செடி.
குருகு-Ficus virens Ait. – White Fig
மருது may be -1. Arjuna. See நீர்மருது. 2. Black winged myrobalan. See கருமருது. 3. Flowering murdah. See பூமருது.
கருமருது might be the right identification. Terminalia elliptica -Indian Laurel.
கோங்கிலவு – False tragacanth, Cochlospermum gossypium;
Ponkam and tilkam both are identified as Manjadi. Tilkam is Adenanthera paronina and ponkam is Ormosia travancorica Bedd. also known as Manjadi in vernacular name.
horse-eye beans – Ormosia travancorica Bedd.
மஞ்சாடி mañcāṭi- Red-wood,Adenanthera paronina
[T. pādiri, K. pādari.] Yellow-flowered fragrant trumpet- flower tree, 1. tr., Stereospermum chelonoides; பொன்னிறமுள்ள பூவுடைய மரவகை.
சிலந்தி² cilanti -Panicled golden-blossomed pear tree,  Ochna squarrosa;
Hog-creeper. புனலி –Derris scandens
Champak, l. tr., Michelia champaca;
P.L.Sami and K.Sivathambi  identify Karantai as Sphaeranthus indicus- east Indian globe thistle.
It can be either Indian cork – Millingtonia hortensis or Patchouli – Pogostemon Cablin
43.மா mā – புளிமா puḷimā
Wild variety of Mango.Mangifera pinnata.
Blinding tree, s. tr., Excoecaria agallocha;
Paalai is very broad category. Many flowers may be denoted by Paalai .
P.L.Sami identifies it as Wrigthia Tinctoria and K.Sivathambi identifies it as Mimusops kauki.
n. [T. molla, K. molle, M. mulla.]
1. Arabian jasmine, m. sh., Jasminum sambac;
2.Jasminum trichotomum
3.Jasminum auriculatum
Kullai is identified as Kancan Kullai by Naccinarkiniyar . Which is nothing but Ganja – Indian Hemp.
Bedaly emetic-nut, Randia malabarica;
Red catechu, m. tr., Acacia sundra;


n. < id. [K. bāle, M. vāla, Tu. vāre.] Plantain, Musa paradisiaca;
Could be lot of yam varieties. Dioscorea Sp.
1. [K. neydal.] Red- blue water-lily, Nymphaea stellata; வெள்ளாம்பல்.
Spathe of the coconut tree; தெங்கம்பாளை- Coconut flower with the integument covering it; தென்னம்பூ உள்ளடங்கிய உறை.
Talavam is identified as semmullai – red jasmine.
There are two varieties of Jasmine with red color –
1.Red Kunda – Jasminum elongatum
2.Red Jasmine – Jasminum polyanthum
n. < tāmarasa. 1. Lotus, Nelumbium speciosum;
1. Orange cup-calyxed brasiletto-climber wagaty. Caesalpinia cucullata
Poet’s Jasmine – Jasminum officinale
Indian jasmine – Jasminum pubescens – Vernacular name in Malayalam is kurukati mulla.
பவளமல்லிகை – Night-flowering jasmine, s. tr., Nyctanthes arbor-tristis
சாதிப்பூ – Spanish Jasmin – Jasminum grandiflorum; முல்லைப்பூ வகை.
A mountain creeper; கருந்தாமக்கொடி.
Sami Identifies it as Water Chestnut – Trapa bispinosa.
வெண்காந்தள் veṇ-kāntaḷ- White species of Malabar glory lily, m. cl., Gloriosa superba; செடிவகை. (புறநா. 90, உரை.)
Yellow glory lilly – Gloriosa superba
[M. kaidā.] Fragrant screw-pine. தாழை. Pandanus odoratissimus;
சுரபுன்னை cura-puṉṉnai Long-leaved two-sepalled gamboge, Ochrocarpus longifolius;
.
n. 1. River portia. See ஆற்றுப்பூவரசு. , Trewia nudiflora;
66. கருங்குவளை karun-ṅ-kuvaḷlai – கருங்குவளை (மணிக் குலை)
Red Water Lily- Nymphaea rubra; குவளைவகை.
n. Tooth brush tree.உகா ukā – Salvadora persica; ஓமை.
.
Lac tree – Shorea talura
Whirling Nut , Gyrocarpus jacquinii (synonym Gyrocarpus americanus) – vernacular name in Telugu – Tanakkam
.
Īnkai is identified as Mimosa rubicaulis by Lexicon. And Sami identifies a similar species Mimosa torta (synonyms of acacia caesia mentioned in his paper). Mimosa torta seems to be right identification since Mimosa rubicaulis has habitat of Himalayas and is not natural to Tamil Nadu.
Red-flowered silk-cotton tree, Bombax malabaricum;
சரக்கொன்றை – Indian laburnum, m. tr., Cassia fistula; சரஞ்சரமாகப் பூக்கும் கொன்றைவகை.
.
n. [K. Tu. aḍumbu, M. aṭumbu.] Hare leaf. அடம்பு. [M. aṭampu.] Hare-leaf, m. cl., Ipomaea biloba L.

Ātti can either be Bauhinia racemosa or Bauhinia tomentosa
Royal Flower worn by the Chola Kings
[K. M. Tu. avara.] Field-bean, cl., Dolichos lablab; கொடிவகை.
சிவதை civatai, Indian jalap, l. cl., Ipomaea turpethum; கொடிவகை.
Palas-tree, Butea frondosa;

அசோகு acōku , Ašōka tree,  Saraca indica;
Rattan Palm -Calamus rotang L.
Wild Jasmine – Jasminum angustifolium
Five-leaved Chaste tree – Vitex negundo L.
[T. tumma, K. tumbe.] 1Bitter toombay, a common weed, Leucas aspera;
n. cf. tulasī. Sacred basil – துளசி tuḷaci – Sacred basil,  Ocimum sanctum; திருத்துழாய்.
Malabar glory lily.  செங்காந்தள்.  Gloriosa superba;
நந்தியாவட்டம் nantiyāvaṭṭamn. < nandyāvarta. East Indian rosebay, , Tabernaemontana coronaria;
Indian lavanga- Luvunga scandens – P.L.Sami’s identification.
Calophyllum elatum – Vernacular name – Poon
பருத்தி parutti,  [K. parti, M. parutti.]  Indian cotton-plant, Gossypium herbaceum; பஞ்சு உண்டாகுஞ் செடிவகை.
பீர்க்கு pīrkkun. [T. bīrakāya.] Sponge gourd, strainer-vine, , Luffa acutangula; கொடிவகை.
Common delight of the woods, m. cl., Hiptage madablota; மாதவிக்கொடி.
சந்தனமரம். Sandalwood tree,  Santalum album;
அகில் akil [M. akil, Heb. ahalim, Gr. agallochon.] Eagle-wood,  Aquilaria agallocha;
n. < punnāga. Mast-wood, Calophyllum inophyllum;
Malabar Lemon Grass-Cymbopogon flexuosus ; Fragrant Grass.
சிறுநாகப்பூ- Ironwood of Ceylon,  Mesua ferrea;
இருவாட்சி.- jasminum sambac var. ‘iruvatchi’/’virupakshi’ 
Pictures of Iruvatchi Jasmine in these slides are the only available pics of these flowers in internet. It took us more than a month to find this flower. This flower has less commercial value, hence couldn’t be found in any flower markets. But we got information from the flower sellers that this flower was used by hair weavers who weave for marriage sauvri. These flowers are used as decoration, these flowers have longer stem hence can be use to poke into the weaved hair. Those hair weavers wouldn’t sell it and after persuasion the flowers were bought and photographed. Thanks to Mr.Mahendran Sa, Mr.Balakumaran Kamaraj and his mother, Gopalapuram Krishna temple florist Mr.Murugesan, my parents and Mr. Jagannathan Narayanan
குருந்து² kuruntu -Wild lime-Indian Atalantia, Atlantia monophylla; புனவெலுமிச்சை.
East Indian kino tree,  Pterocarpus marsupium;
Crown Flower-Calotropis gigantea

No comments:

Post a Comment